Regenerative medicine is a cutting-edge field that focuses on harnessing the body's natural ability to heal itself. It aims to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs by utilizing stem cells and growth factors to treat various conditions, including tissue degeneration, traumatic injuries, and genetic disorders.

Stem cells migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into the specific cell types needed for tissue repair. For instance, in damaged cartilage, stem cells transform into chondrocytes, the cells responsible for cartilage formation. Additionally, stem cells release growth factors that stimulate the body's own repair mechanisms, rejuvenate tissues, and protect healthy cells.

There are two primary types of stem cell transplants:

• Autologous Transplant: Utilizes the patient's own stem cells, reducing the risk of immune rejection and ensuring higher compatibility.

• Allogeneic Transplant: Involves stem cells donated by another individual. While this can be effective, it carries a higher risk of immune reaction compared to autologous transplants.

Stem cells can be introduced into the body through various routes, depending on the condition being treated:

• Intralesional: Direct injection into the affected tissue.

• Intravenous: Administration through the bloodstream.

• Subcutaneous: Injection under the skin.

• Intrathecal: Injection into the spinal canal.

• Nebulization: Inhalation into the lungs.

The choice of method is tailored to each patient's specific needs.

Stem cells are categorized based on their origin:

• Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Derived from embryos.

• Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCSCs): Sourced from umbilical cord blood.

• Adult Stem Cells (ASCs): Harvested from adult tissues, primarily adipose (fat) tissue and bone marrow.

The Stem Cells Transplant Institute provides therapies using adult mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow, as well as human umbilical cord-derived stem cells that are cultured and expanded for treatment.